月世界的學名｜泥岩惡地形。高雄田寮

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吉客鏈：台灣特殊地形 X 自然生態 X

田寮月世界 X 花季渡假

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這段時間 - 因為全球疫情而台灣没有開放邊界的日子，在家時間多了，靜下心來讀了些台灣史地，才認真地看到曾經去過台灣地景，有著特殊地形學名，包括：火山、泥岩惡地、火炎山惡地、石灰岩地、風蝕地、冰河圈谷地、離島等地形。

月世界的學名

翻出儲存照片的硬碟，在2018年去過的「月世界」，其學名即是「泥岩惡地」（Mudstone Badlands)，俗稱泥火山，而全台灣其實是有四處月世界的。在高雄就有二處：高雄燕巢、高雄田寮。看著「惡地」中文二字，對照著英文 Badlands 才恍然大悟，這是地形的專有名詞，從英翻中來看，更容易理解。惡地的白話文就是「荒涼不生」之地（如【備註】）。

Photo Credit | Chi Hsu

2018年八月初，和漢爺一起到高雄花季渡假飯店泡泡冷泉，其就近即是高雄田寮月世界，由於正值八月大熱天，為免被曬昏，起了個大早，包了車前往「田寮月世界泥岩惡地生態地質公園」，這裡已有規劃了登山健走步道，階寬的木輚道，漢爺走逛起來完全不費事（姐還是得用追的才跟得上）。

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（Photo Credit | Chi Hsu)

步道沿路上聳起的泥岩，赤裸裸地全露天，在炎炎夏日走起來，不禁有點汗流浹背，直到看到有些亞熱帶的植物生態，站在棚下，遠觀感受一下剛剛走過的月世界，對這地景的形成頗有疑問，希望能有些解說。

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（Photo Credit | Richard Barkham)

從古歌的地形圖來看，也是可以看出有如月世界表面的端倪，隱約可以看到規劃的步道路線，登上有陡度的天梯之後，就可以看到「月池」，浪漫的命名，對姐這類體力的人，是有激勵作用的。

(Map source | Google)

站在瞭望台，看到的月池，全覽景如下：

(Photo Credit | Chi Hsu)

走下山後，期待中的泥岩惡地解說中心的小木屋就在眼前，但時間還是有點早，尚未開放，所以就貼近看看，事後再做功課了。

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(Photo Credit | Chi Hsu)

做了功課，瞭解到惡地可分為泥岩、砂岩、礫岩，台灣的惡地以泥岩為主，分佈於台南、高雄、台東一帶，其泥岩（青灰岩）區面積超過1000平方公里、厚度約3到4公里，整體包含從上新世到更新世之地層（古亭坑層、利吉層、墾丁層等）。由於其泥岩顆粒細小、顆粒間的膠結鬆散，透水性差等特性，遇水後極易產生泥流、土石、植被持續崩落等現象，其差異侵蝕作用不斷作用的情況下，最終產生植被稀疏卻富含尖峰利脊、泥裂、土指、天然橋等獨特地形景觀。（資料來源：看守台灣官網）

該官網的相關文章中，提出國外也有「惡地」生態地景公園，看來「月世界」不是台灣獨有的，但應該是唯一在熱帶地區才有此地景的地區，對此特殊性，在配合整體解說之下，還是有觀光價值的亮點。

花季渡假

前文中提到，有機會前往「月世界」是因為住在「花季渡假」，二地的行車時間不到十分鐘（如下圖）。

(Map source | Google)

能看到沙岩惡地生態，也算是難得經驗，但實在是熱到想泡在冷泉泳池裡，回到花季，前往露天泳池，以游泳沖涼結束了「泥岩惡地」的晨間健走。

Photo Credit | Chi Hsu

慕花季的冷泉之名而來，冷泉泳池也助這趟「月世界」健走有了完美句點，在「花季渡假」也有很好的放鬆休息，分享介紹一下「花季冷泉」（資料來源：官網），二者合一的輕旅行，很適合接下來在高雄「國內旅遊」的旅程安排。

" 冷泉早在日治時代即被開發，舊稱崗山頭溫泉，珍貴之處在於其為岩間湧出的天然湧泉，鑑定泉質屬無色無味低溫PH- 7的中性碳酸泉，終年不乾涸，醞含豐富礦泉物質；而冷泉之形成必須具備2大條件，一是豐沛的地下水，二是能產生大量二氧化碳的岩層，田寮山區因地質特殊及豐沛的雨量，配合大崗山地層中的石灰岩，正好提供了這兩大要件，加上溶解自岩層中豐富的微量礦物元素，因而形成南台灣獨有的天然碳酸氫鈉冷泉。"

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(Photo Credit | Chi Hsu)

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【備註】惡地（Badland），所謂的荒涼不生之地，一般是指因地層不均質（黏土、砂土、礫石等組成比例）導致差異侵蝕，所產生的鋸齒、凹槽或圓頂等型態之陡坡１。更精確地來說，惡地一詞所代表的應是「鬆軟沉積岩和富含黏土的土壤，大範圍的被風和水侵蝕後，所產生的乾燥地勢。通常具有陡坡、稀疏植被、缺少實質性的風化層與高密度的引流等主要特色」。（資料來源：看守台灣 https://www.taiwanwatch.org.tw/node/1287 ）